Transport and Health Risks of Transport
V. Adamec, R. Ličbinský*, R. Cholava, Division of Transport Infrastructure and Environment, Transport Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic, * Corresponding author: roman.licbinsky@cdv.cz
ABSTRACT: The increasing amount of gases and solid pollutants emitted into the atmosphere have a considerable impact on human health and environmental ecosystems. Specifically, long exposure to high concentrations of pollutants may lead to a shortening of life by several years due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and contributes to increased risk of death. Recent studies also indicate cancer occurrences related to some pollutants, namely PM, that are hazardous not only due to their physical parameters, but mainly due to their content of many dangerous organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and their derivates, and inorganic compounds, such as Pb, Pt, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and others, nitrates, ammonia ions, sulphates, etc.
KEY WORDS: transport, health, emissions, noise, inactivity, accidents.
The Possibilities for Mitigating Negative Effects of Transport
V. Adamec, J. Jedlička*, R. Ličbinský, Division of Transport Infrastructure and Environment, Transport Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic, * Corresponding author: jiri.jedlicka@cdv.cz
ABSTRACT: The success of the correct execution of designed measures depends on our succeeding in reducing the negative influences of transport on health and the environment; however, to eliminate these negative effects it is almost always necessary to take more measures. In this case we speak of a set of measures which are inter-connected, and their efficiency is thereby enhanced. As an example, it is possible to mention the increase of the positive influence of a new service of urban public transport on the reduction of car transport, together with the building of an park and ride facilities in a suitable area on the public transport service route. From the design stage of the measures to their implementation it often takes a long time, therefore the complex of the measures should always be designed by a team of experts who are capable of judging the efficiency of various alternatives and subsequently design an optimum solution.
KEY WORDS: transport, mitigation, measures, impact on the environment.
Sustainable Development and Transport
J. Jedlička*, I. Dostál, V. Adamec, Division of Transport Infrastructure and Environment, Transport Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic, Corresponding author: jiri.jedlicka@cdv.cz
ABSTRACT: Transport is one of the crucial factors in the development of individual countries. However, there is a constant contradiction between society, which requires ever higher mobility, and the public opinion, which is less and less tolerant towards the negative impact transport has on the environment and health, chronic delays, and the low quality of some transport services. Considering the fact that transport demands are rising steadily, we should not be restricted only to the construction of new infrastructure and opening markets. It is necessary to optimize the transport system so that it meets the requirements for sustainable development. The modern transport system has to be sustainable, in terms of economy, social, and the environmental aspects.
KEY WORDS: transport, sustainable development, environment, means of transport.
Legislation Framework
R. Ličbinský*, J. Dufek, J. Jedlička, Division of Transport Infrastructure and Environment, Transport Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic, *Corresponding author: roman.licbinsky@cdv.cz
M. Ličbinská, Institute of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT: The mentioned legal regulations determine the basic terms and determine the fundamental principles of protection of the environment and the duties of natural persons and legal entities in the protection and improvement of the condition of the environment and in the use of natural resources; nevertheless, it is absed on the principle of sustainable development. The right conception of the legislative framework, which deals with the protection of the environment in a complex way, could contribute considerably to the improvement of the conditions of the environment.
KEY WORDS: legislation, regulation, law.
Transport Research
R. Ličbinský*, Division of Transport Infrastructure and Environment, Transport Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic, *Corresponding author: roman.licbinsky@cdv.cz
M. Ličbinská, Institute of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava – Poruba, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT: Transport and transport research are significant carriers of economic activities. They play a crucial role in the assurance of sustainable development, and the economic and social growth of Europe. The European transport sector needs to be effective, which means creating an appropriate coordination framework and balancing public and private sources for the support of necessary research activities. Therefore, for the realization of scientific research projects in the following period the use of their results in practice will be of essential importance. The possibility of the application of projects of science and research will be, e.g. in the field of prediction of development of individual fields of transport, in the creation and preparation of regulation, legislation frameworks for the development of the transport system, for organizational and other measures in the field of transport safety, in the realization of support of development of new technical and technological solutions leading to reduction of economic costs of the transport process and in the reduction of negative effects of transport on the environment. Regarding transport and urban planning, after the integration of the environmental and social aspects in the research activities,, the new cooperation could further bring a positive impact on the health of people and the environment.
KEY WORDS: research, development, transport, project.